Comercio Internacional

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Administración de costo como estrategia de inversión en el sector carbonífero venezolano
(2018) Marrufo García, Rubén Darío; Pérez Prado Yaneth; Posada Yuri José
El propósito general de esta investigación fue Analizarla administración de Costo como estrategia de inversión en el sector carbonífero del estado Zulia (Venezuela), como objetivos específicos se plantearon Identificar los elementos de la administración de costo, Describir la clasificación de la administración de costo, analizar los sistemas de la administración de costo, identificar las estrategias de inversión a corto plazo y caracterizar las estrategias de inversión a largo plazo, basándose en los autores Tafur & Osorio (2007), Hanser & Mower (2007), entre otros. Palabras clave: Administración, Costo, Estrategia, Inversión. Abstract The overall purpose of this research was to analyze the cost management and investment strategy in the coal sector , Zulia state , specific objectives were raised Identify elements of cost management , describe the classification of cost management , analyze systems cost management , identify investment strategies and short-term investment strategies characterize long-term coal companies Zulia state. , based on the authors Tafur & Osorio (2007) , Hanser & Mower ( 2007) Gitman ( 2003 ), Block and Hirt ( 2005 ) among others. Keywords: Management, Treasury, Strategy, Financing.
Análisis del proceso de elaboración de la agenda pública de turismo en el municipio de Valledupar
(2020) Posada, Yuri José; Restrepo, María del Mar; Cerchiaro, Jorge
El propósito general de esta investigación fue analizar el proceso de elaboración de la agenda pública de turismo en el municipio de Valledupar (Colombia). El turismo es una actividad transversal en la economía de los países al involucrar una gran cantidad de actores de diferentes sectores. La evidencia empírica supone una situación problemática en el proceso de inscripción de los temas en la agenda pública de turismo. Como base teórica se ha utilizado la herramienta de análisis el “Ciclo de las Políticas Públicas”, propuesto por Jones (Jones, 1970), entre otros. Palabras clave: Políticas Públicas, Agenda Pública, Turismo Abstract The general purpose of this research was to analyze the process of preparing the public tourism agenda in the municipality of Valledupar. Tourism is a transversal activity in the economy of the countries, involving a large number of actors from different sectors. The empirical evidence supposes a problematic situation in the process of inscription of the subjects in the tourism public agenda. As a theoretical basis, the analysis tool "Public Policies Cycle", proposed by Jones (Jones, 1970), among others, has been used. Keywords: Intangible assets, key factor, success, capital
Analysis the application of logistics processes in the bakery sector of MSMEs in Valledupar
(2020) Gordon Hernández, Yimi; Vidal Tovar, Carlos Ramón; Valle Fuentes, Harold; Gordon Araujo, Juan Pablo
Abstract The adult population, who searches for foods that are beneficial to health, is the predominant consumer of the growing Colombian bakery sector, thus posing a challenge for it in order to generate a high-quality product. The purpose of this research was to analyze the application of logistics processes in the bakery sector of MSMEs in Valledupar, reviewing aspects such as the diagnosis of the current situation regarding logistics in the company, followed by an analysis of production costs, and the management of demand and purchase forecasts in the different MSMEs in the city. Ballou (2004), Castellanos (2015), Guerrero (2017), Mora & Martinez (2010), Saldarriaga (2014), Eslava (2019), among others, were used as references. It was conducted as an applied, non experimental, field, descriptive and cross-sectional research. The population consisted of 30 MSMEs from the bakery sector. The reliability of the instrument was determined with Cronbach's alpha, resulting in 0.919; while the significance was calculated using the Anova analysis, resulting in 0.000. This indicates that there are differences between the means of the macroprocesses and microprocesses dimensions. Furthermore, with the post-hoc Tukey test, the first major differences in the logistics of inventories showed that in the case of the indicator of logistics cost management and the second dimension, the use of raw materials has greater differences with the performance of the machines, demonstrating the great weaknesses that the bakery sector presents in the application of logistics processes. Keywords: Logistics processes, bakery sector, Valledupar MSMEs
Aplicación móvil como estrategia de enseñanza para iniciar el proceso de lectura a estudiantes en condición de discapacidad auditiva
(2022) Martínez Acosta, Deivis; Eydy Suárez Brieva, Eydy; Gordon Hernández, Yimi
En el presente estudio se realiza un análisis de la incidencia de los resultados de aprendizaje en el proceso formativo de estudiantes en condición de discapacidad auditiva mediante la implementación de una aplicación móvil diseñada para iniciar el proceso de lectura. Esta aplicación suscita el aprendizaje de vocales, conso nantes y lecciones mediante la revisión de contenidos y desarrollo de actividades diferenciadas, todas inter pretadas en la lengua de señas colombiana (LSC). Se analizan las calificaciones alcanzadas por 45 alumnos de los grados 1, 2 y 3 de básica primaria y se aplica un diseño experimental bajo arreglo factorial. Los resul tados muestran que las estrategias tienen incidencia significativa en el aprendizaje y que las actividades dife renciadas contribuyen a una mejor apropiación del conocimiento. Se concluye que para mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje de lectura y escritura de los estudiantes en condición de discapacidad auditiva, e incrementar el rendimiento académico, es necesario diseñar contenidos y actividades basados en los estilos de aprendizaje. Palabras clave: aplicación móvil; estrategias pedagógicas; estilos de aprendizaje; discapacidad auditiva Abstract The present study assesses the learning outcomes in the teaching of students with hearing disabilities through the implementation of a mobile application designed to start the reading process. This application facilitates learning vowels, consonants, and review lessons by developing differentiated activities—all in Colombian sign language (LSC). Marks obtained by 45 elementary school students in grades 1, 2, and 3 are gathered and analyzed. An experimental design is applied under factorial arrangement. The results show that strategies have a significant impact on student learning and that differentiated activities improve knowledge appropria tion. It is concluded that to improve the learning processes of reading and writing of students with hearing disability and enhance academic performance is necessary to design content and activities based on learning styles. Keywords: mobile application; pedagogical strategies; learning styles; hearing disability
Biodiversidad Urbana: Estrategias de Gestión Económica y Ambiental en Entornos Urbanos de Colombia
(2023) Cuello Guevara, Neulis José; Pinto Robles, Sandy Milena; Vega Manjarres, Hugues Alcides; Aroca Martinez, Luis Rodrigo; López Barrios, Andrés Felipe
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción y la opinión de 250 personas en relación con la biodiversidad urbana y las estrategias de gestión económica y ambiental en entornos urbanos. Se implementó un cuestionario estructurado que abordó temas clave, incluida la importancia de la biodiversidad urbana, las especies comunes, los desafíos y amenazas, las estrategias de gestión económica, las políticas necesarias y la viabilidad económica de las estrategias de conservación. Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los encuestados considera que la biodiversidad urbana es de "Alta" o "Muy alta" importancia. Las "Plantas autóctonas" fueron identificadas como las especies más comunes, mientras quela "Pérdida de hábitat" se destacó como el principal desafío. La estrategia más efectiva fue "Implementar programas de conservación financiados por el gobierno", y las "Restricciones a la tala de árboles" se consideraron políticas necesarias. La mayoría considera que las estrategias de conservación son "Viables" o "Muy viables". Estos resultados respaldan la importancia de la biodiversidad urbana y la necesidad de estrategias de gestión efectivas para promover ciudades sostenibles. Las conclusiones se alinean con la literatura científica existente, destacando la relevancia de abordar estos temas de manera integral en la planificación urbana y la conservación. Palabras claves: biodiversidad; estrategias; gestión Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the perception and opinion of 250 people in relation to urban biodiversity and economic and environmental management strategies in urban environments. A structured questionnaire was implemented that addressed key topics, including the importance of urban biodiversity, common species, challenges and threats, economic management strategies, necessary policies, and economic viability of conservation strategies. The results revealed that the majority of respondents consider urban biodiversity to be of "High" or "Very high" importance. “Native Plants” were identified as the most common species, while “Habitat Loss” was highlighted as the main challenge. The most effective strategy was “Implement government-funded conservation programs,” and “Restrictions on logging” were considered necessary policies. Most consider conservation strategies to be "Viable" or "Very Viable." These results support the importance of urban biodiversity and the need for effective management strategies to promote sustainable cities. The conclusions align with existing scientific literature, highlighting the relevance of addressing these issues comprehensively in urban planning and conservation. Keywords: biodiversity; strategies; management
Biometrical Optimization System for Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) through Image Processing in Growing Environments
(2023) Vides Redondo, Adalberto José; Vidal Tovar, Carlos Ramón; Pérez Rojas,Yimmis Arturo; Parra Ditta, Clarivel; Gordon Hernandez, Yimi
Abstract The costs of an aquaculture production process are affected by about 70% by the technical food management, in that sense, it is absolutely necessary to accurately establish the food rations throughout the cultivation cycle, making adjustments weekly, so the determination of biometric variables is required with the same periodicity. The objective of this research was to make possible an alternative for obtaining biometric information in an aquaculture production process, obviating harmful aspects, which occur in the development of traditional biometrics, where it is required to perform invasive procedures (partial fishing) that generate negative impacts on cultured organisms. In this sense, in the development of the present study, magnitudes of the specimens of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp) were determined, through the analysis of images obtained in culture environments at high densities, all this, using a software specially designed to measure the length of the specimens, managing to generate a lower impact on the fish. For the development of the software it became necessary to determine the events and sequences, thanks to unified modeling language diagrams - UML, in this specific case the use cases, sequence and entity relationship were used. Subsequently, each of the events and sequences determined in the UML were embodied in code, using the C# programming language and the Visual Studio (IDE) in its community version. On the other hand, the calibration of the system was carried out in three clearly defined phases: 1. selecting the image capture device, 2. support structure adjustment of the image capture equipment, and 3. calibration of the measurement software. Keywords: Red Tilapia, Biometrics, UML Diagrams, Use Cases, Entity Relationship.
Characterization of the digital literacy states of secondary school students in 5 schoolsof the department of Cesar
(2023) Arroyo Martínez, Jhonny Javier; Cadena, Jageiver Ibeth; Albor Montero, Celso Nasario; Manosalva Amaya, Edwin José
Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the digital literacy skills of high school students in terms of various variables. The research was conducted using survey - based tools and a quantitative research method. The rersearch study group is made up of 632 high school students who are in grades 6, 7 and 8 in 5 schools of low, medium and high socioeconomic levels in the academic year 2020 - 2021 in the department of Cesar, as data analysis tools in a Digital Literacy Scale developed by the researches, and the data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 22,0 program and descriptive statistics and non parametric test such as the Mann - Whitnney U test and the Kruskal Wallis H test were used, since the distribution of the data obtained did not show normality. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was determined that the Digital Literacy Scale scores of the students differed significantly acordding to their gender, school grade, internet connection at home, presence of computer or tablet at home and frequency of internet acces, and connection, acoording to the purposes of internet use, no significant difference could be determined between the data obtain from the Digital Literacy Scale, suggestions were made in acoordance with the results obtained from the study. Keywords: Education, Digital literacy, Secondary levels, Social studies
Components of intellectual capital for the research process in higher education institutions
(2023) Vidal Tovar, Carlos; González Tejedor. Gerardo; Gordon Hernández, Yimi; Padilla Santamaría, Martha; Valle Fuentes, Harold
Abstract The intellectual support variables used within the investigative process in Higher Education Institutions were characterized. Research with a quantitative, positivist, analytical approach, field designs, in a non-experimental, transversal or transactional way, descriptive type. The study population group is made up of vice-rectories of the research area, coordinations, headquarters or leaders of the research area, who are in charge of the management and viability of the research processes in 7 universities of Cartagena de Indias, survey, an instrument was used with alternatives of closed Likert-type answers, the Statistics of the data was Descriptive systematized in Microsoft Excel, SPSS and R.3.2.3. It is allowed to show that there is not a sufficient amount of economic resources available to carry out research, Relationships with both companies and other government institutions must be strengthened to develop investigative processes that entail producing intellectual material. As well as implementing methodologies to increase and strengthen knowledge networks; as well as virtual repositories. Keywords: Intellectual Capital. Development. Education. Research. University Resumo Foram caracterizadas as variáveis de suporte intelectual utilizadas no processo de investigação em Instituições de Ensino Superior. Pesquisa com uma abordagem quantitativa, positivista, analítica, desenhos de campo, de forma não experimental, transversal ou transacional, tipo descritivo. O grupo da população de estudo é composto por vice-reitorias da área de pesquisa, coordenações, sedes ou líderes da área de pesquisa, que são responsáveis pela gestão e viabilidade dos processos de pesquisa em 7 universidades de Cartagena de Índias, pesquisa, um instrumento foi utilizado com alternativas de respostas fechadas do tipo Likert, a estatística dos dados foi sistematizada descritiva no Microsoft Excel, SPSS e R.3.2.3. É permitido mostrar que não há uma quantidade suficiente de recursos econômicos disponíveis para realizar pesquisas, as relações com empresas e outras instituições governamentais devem ser fortalecidas para desenvolver processos de investigação que envolvam a produção de material intelectual. Além de implementar metodologias para aumentar e fortalecer as redes de conhecimento e os repositórios virtuais. Palavras-chave: Capital Intelectual. Desenvolvimento. Educação. Pesquisa. Universidade.
Condiciones agroecológicas en la producción de Biodiesel de Elais Guineensis
(2017) Acevedo Barrios, Rosa; Gordon Hernández,Yimi; Vidal Tovar, Carlos
Los biocombustibles constituyen una alternativa importante para la demanda actual energética a nivel nacional y mundial. El presente artículo persigue analizar la problemática asociada con la producción de biodiesel del aceite de palma bajo las condiciones agroecológicas del Caribe colombiano; asimismo, se describen los aspectos básicos de la producción de biocombustibles, específicamente el biodiesel, mostrando sus principales ventajas y desventajas, materias primas, tecnologías, perspectivas de desarrollo y desafíos, para su correcta implementación en el contexto regional, nacional e internacional. Finalmente, se analiza brevemente los impactos de los biocombustibles en el medio ambiente como principal aporte a la movilidad sostenible. Palabras Clave: Combustibles, Ecosistema, Energía, Impactos. Abstract Biofuels are an important alternative to the current energy demand nationally and globally. This paper analyzes the problems in the production of biodiesel from palm oil under the agro-ecological conditions of the Colombian Caribbean; likewise, it describes the basic aspects of biodiesel production, specifically biodiesel, showing its main advantages and disadvantages, raw materials, technologies, development perspectives and challenges, for its correct implementation in the regional, national and international context. Finally, it briefly analyzes the impacts of biodiesel on the environment as the main contribution to sustainable mobility. Keywords: Fuels, Ecosystem, Energy, Impact.
Conventional and advanced exergoeconomic indicators of a nitric acid production plant concerning the cooling temperature in compression Train’s intermediate stages
(2021) Buelvas Hernandez, Ana; Fajardo, Juan Gabriel; Barreto, Deybis; Carrillo Caballero, Gaylord Enrique; Cardenas Escorcia, Yulineth; Vidal Tovar, Carlos Ramon; Gordon Hernandez, Yimi
Abstract In the refining and petrochemical industrial sector, large amounts of energy are used, so using the concept of exergy allows a rational use of this resource. In the different exergy and exer goeconomics studies applied in petrochemical plants, parameters of interest have been deter mined to evaluate the thermal efficiency, the potential for process improvement, the irreversibilities produced by the interaction between the components of the system and the operation of each one, and the energy costs associated with each of these irreversibilities. This paper presents an advanced exergy analysis and an exergy-economic analysis applied to a nitric acid production plant with an installed capacity of 350 metric tons per day, whose operating principle is based on the Ostwald method, and both the behavior of endogenous exergy destruction and the behavior of exogenous, avoidable and unavoidable exergy destruction are studied, exogenous, avoidable and unavoidable exergy destruction and the associated exergy costs in each of the heat transfer equipment and reactive equipment that make up the plant, about the cooling temperature in the intermediate stages of the compression train are studied using a mathematical model. The chemical reactions involved in the production process are the points of interest in the research of this work. Some of the results show that 54 % of the total exergy destruction can be recovered by intervening in the components. On the other hand, in the Cat alytic Converter (CONV), it is convenient to consider the investment costs to reduce the exergy destruction costs. Similarly, in the Tail Gas Heater (TGH), it is beneficial to reduce the total in vestment to improve the process economics. On the other hand, the cost of exergy destruction of the plant resulted in 770.77 USD/h. In addition, it could be determined that the interactions between the components significantly affect the investment costs. Keywords: Exergoconomy, Endogenous exergy, Exogenous exergy, Avoidable exergy, Inevitable exergy, Exergo-economic indicators
Design and Evaluation of Logistics Systems with FlexSim: Case Study and Continuous Improvement
(2025) Valdivieso Sánchez, Juan Carlos; Aroca Martínez, Luis Rodrigo; Maestre García, Ana Karina; Acevedo Vergara, Jorge Alberto; Pulido Quintero, José Manuel
Abstract The purpose of this article is the design and evaluation of logistics systems, validating the paradigm of discrete simulation. The basic concepts of efficient logistics systems are reviewed; Modules are added that standardize modeling and evaluation in simulations, increasing the reliability and speed in the execution of the process. This has led to the creation of a Supply Chain Management System, which has been developed with the clear objective of modeling an effective supply chain that allows for the optimal management of each and every one of the various processes involved in it. The main purpose of this approach is to reduce operating costs, obtain valuable information that facilitates crucial decision-making and the possibility ofoptimizing or simulating various alternatives that may arise in the logistics field. Keywords: FlexSim, Discrete Event Simulation, Project Manager, Simulator, Design of Experiments, Implementation and Evaluation of Production Systems, Industry Pot, experience, systems, logistics, supply chain.
Determinantes de la intención de compra en línea a través del modelo UTAUT2: un análisis del riesgo percibido en los consumidores en línea
(2025) Solano Mejía, Jhon Henrry; Méndez Sánchez, Andrea Marcela
Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los factores determinantes en la intención de compras en línea en los consumidores del municipio de Valledupar, mediante la aplicación de la teoría UTAUT2 con la inclusión de la variable de riesgo percibido. Diseño/metodología: la metodología empleada fue de tipo explicativo, con un enfoque cuantitativo, y un diseño no experimental, transeccional y de campo. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario en línea y se analizaron 387 encuestas de consumidores que habían comprado en línea al menos una vez. El análisis de los datos fue realizado a partir del modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), con la técnica multivariante de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM). Resultados: la investigación evidenció que las variables expectativa de desempeño, expectativa de esfuerzo, motivación hedónica, valor del precio y hábito influyen en la intención de compras en línea; mientras que las variables influencia social, condiciones facilitadoras y riesgo percibido no alcanzaron a tener efecto en la intención. Conclusiones: las relaciones entre los constructos de la UTAUT2 tienden a variar según el contexto cultural; en este caso, la variable más significativa para la intención de compra en línea es el hábito, demostrando que cuanto más integrada esté la acción de comprar en línea en la rutina diaria, mayor será la intención de hacerlo. Originalidad: el estudio aporta información sobre el comportamiento de los consumidores en e commerce, como también extiende el análisis de la intención de compra en línea a una población poco estudiada en este contexto. Palabras clave: UTAUT2, comercio electrónico, intención de compra en línea, riesgo percibido, comportamiento del consumidor. Highlights El riesgo percibido influye poco en la intención de compra de usuarios experimentados. Una experiencia de compra ágil y eficiente resulta clave para captar y fidelizar clientes. El modelo UTAUT2 adaptado al comercio en línea colombiano presenta un buen ajuste. Una experiencia agradable en plataformas virtuales fomenta la intención de compra. Abstract Objective: This study analyzes the key determinants of online purchase intention among consumers in Valledupar (Colombia), using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) and incorporating perceived risk as an additional variable. Design/Methodology: The study follows an explanatory approach with a quantitative methodology and a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and field-based design. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, with a final sample of 387 consumers who had made at least one online purchase. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied with the Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM)multivariate technique for data analysis. Findings: The findings indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit influence online purchase intention. However, social influence, facilitating conditions, and perceived risk were found to have no measurable effect on purchase intention. Conclusions: The relationships between UTAUT2 constructs tend to vary depending on cultural context. In this study, habit emerged as the most influential factor in online purchase intention, suggesting that the more seamlessly online purchase is integrated into daily routines, the greater the intention to continue doing so. Originality: This paper contributes to the understanding of consumer behavior in e-commerce and extends the analysis of online purchase intention in a population that has been relatively underexplored in this context. Keywords: UTAUT2, e-commerce, online purchase intention, perceived risk, customer behavior. Highlights Perceived risk has minimal influence on purchase intention among experienced users. A seamless and efficient shopping experience is crucial for customer acquisition and retention. The UTAUT2 model, adapted to Colombian e-commerce, demonstrates strong applicability. A positive user experience on virtual platforms enhances purchase intention.
Diagnóstico situacional para potenciar la internacionalización de las mipymes del sector agroindustrial de Valledupar, Colombia
(2024) Escobar Argumedo, Madimis; Méndez Sánchez, Andrea Marcela
Objetivo: diagnosticar la situación actual de las mipymes del sector agroindustrial de Valledupar con el fin de potenciar su internacionalización. Metodología: se aplicó una metodología con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, y un diseño no experimental, transeccional y de campo. Como muestra para el estudio, se seleccionaron cuarenta mipymes del sector agroindustrial, empleando el método de muestreo aleatorio estratificado a través de la afijación uniforme. Se utilizó, además, la técnica de encuesta y, como instrumento, un cuestionario. Resultados: se realizó un análisis detallado basado en el modelo PESTEL y en las matrices de Evaluación de Factores Externos (EFE) y de Evaluación de Factores Internos (IFE), y se propusieron estrategias utilizando la matriz de Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades y Amenazas (FODA). Según la matriz de evaluación de factores externos (MEFE), las mipymes se favorecen de las oportunidades que les brinda el entorno y evitan las amenazas externas. Sin embargo, la matriz de evaluación de factores internos (MEFI) reveló un resultado desfavorable: las mipymes no aprovechan las ventajas competitivas internas para mejorar su desempeño. Conclusiones: las mipymes agroindustriales de Valledupar enfrentan desafíos significativos en su internacionalización, como la falta de empleados con competencias en otros idiomas y experiencia en comercio internacional. Sin embargo, estas empresas tienen potencial al contar con colaboradores suficientes, eficiencia en generación de utilidades y acceso a acuerdos comerciales y plataformas digitales, lo cual facilita la expansión a mercados internacionales. Originalidad: a diferencia de estudios previos, la presente investigación se centra en identificar no solo las barreras tradicionales, sino también en proponer soluciones y estrategias innovadoras adaptadas a necesidades específicas de las empresas. Un análisis minucioso del contexto actual en el que operan las mipymes del sector agroindustrial permite identificar esas necesidades. Palabras clave: diagnóstico situacional, internacionalización agroindustrial, competitividad empresarial, mipymes, agroindustria. Highlights Las mipymes agroindustriales de Valledupar se enfrentan a diversos desafíos en su proceso de internacionalización. Las empresas del sector agroindustrial de Valledupar deben mejorar sus sistemas logísticos y superar barreras técnicas y fitosanitarias para gestionar operaciones diarias y cumplir con normativas internacionales. La falta de alianzas estratégicas y estudios de mercado impide a las mipymes aprovechar acuerdos comerciales y plataformas digitales para acceder a nuevos clientes internacionales. Las plataformas digitales y tiendas en línea permiten a las mipymes agroindustriales de Valledupar contactar nuevos clientes y vender productos sin necesidad de presencia física en otros países. Abstract Objective: To analyze the current situation of Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in the agro-industrial sector in Valledupar (Colombia) to help enhance their internationalization efforts. Design/Methodology: This study employed a quantitative, descriptive methodology; a non experimental, cross-sectional design; and field research. The sample included 40 MSMEs from said agro-industrial sector, which were selected using stratified random sampling with uniform allocation. Data were collected through a survey, employing a questionnaire. Findings: A detailed analysis was conducted based on the PESTEL model and the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrices. Strategies were proposed using the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) matrix. The EFE matrix indicated that these MSMEs take advantage of the opportunities provided by the environment and evade external threats. However, the IFE matrix revealed that they do not use their internal competitive advantages to improve performance. Conclusions: Agro-industrial MSMEs in Valledupar face significant challenges in their internationalization efforts, such as a lack of employees with foreign language skills and experience in international trade. Nevertheless, these companies show potential because they have sufficient staff, efficient profit generation, and access to trade agreements and digital platforms, which facilitate their expansion into international markets. Originality: Unlike previous research, this study focuses not only on identifying traditional barriers but also on proposing innovative solutions and strategies tailored to the specific needs of MSMEs. Said needs were identified in a thorough analysis of the current context where these agro-industrial MSMEs operate. Keywords: situational analysis, agro-industrial internationalization, business competitiveness, MSMEs, agro-industry. Highlights Agro-industrial MSMEs in Valledupar face several challenges in their internationalization process. These companies should improve their logistics systems and overcome technical and phytosanitary barriers to manage daily operations and comply with international regulations. Their lack of strategic alliances and market research prevents these MSMEs from utilizing trade agreements and digital platforms to reach new international clients.
El pensamiento crítico en la era digital. Un estudio de caso con los estudiantes de Sociología de la Universidad Popular del Cesar (Colombia)
(2025) Chajín Flórez, Miguel; Sanjuanelo Obregón,Janner Andrés; Martínez Ospino, Luis Samuel; López Villalba, Stefany
Introducción: El punto de partida fue la necesidad de mejorar los niveles de comprensión lectora en estudiantes de Sociología dados los bajos resultados obtenidos en pruebas anteriores. Objetivos: Se valoró a los estudiantes a través de un taller, para comparar resultados de dos rúbricas, una sobre comprensión lectora, y otra sobre pensamiento crítico. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de caso, con seis estudiantes de la asignatura de Sociología de la educación, en torno al artículo “El currículo: una reflexión crítica” de Luis Malagón Plata. Hubo una segunda valoración por parte de un grupo de profesores. El titular de la asignatura aplicó después una rúbrica para valorar el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Resultados: Se registró un bajo nivel de comprensión lectora y producción textual, pero un mejor desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Conclusiones: Se concluye que sonprecisos cambios en la formación del pensamiento crítico debido a un giro del aprendizaje basado en el texto, respecto al centrado en el pensamiento, a través de didáctica dialógica. Palabras clave: Estudio de caso; Comprensión lectora; Digitalización; Pensamiento crítico; Didáctica dialógica. Abstract Introduction: The starting point was the need to improve reading comprehension levels among Sociology students, given the low results obtained in previous assessments. Objectives: Students were evaluated through a workshop to compare results from two rubrics, one focused on reading comprehension and the other on critical thinking. Methodology: A case study was conducted with six students from the Sociology of Education course, based on the article "El currículo: una reflexión crítica" by Luis Malagón Plata. A second assessment was conducted by a group of professors. The course instructor then applied a rubric to assess the development of critical thinking. Results: A low level of reading comprehension and textual production was recorded, but there was better development of critical thinking. Conclusions: It is concluded that changes are necessary in the development of critical thinking due to a shift from text-based learning to one centered on thought, through dialogical didactics. Keywords: Case study; Reading comprehension; Digitalization; Critical thinking; Dialogical teaching.
Estrategias de entrada que intervienen en el proceso de internacionalización en las pequeñas y medianas empresas
(2025) Bermúdez, José R.
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar las estrategias de entrada que intervienen en el proceso de internacionalización en las pequeñas y medianas empresas, entre las cuales destacan: la facturación, el valor agregado, el valor de mercado, pues esto permite ahorrar cuantiosos recursos, dándole un justo valor a los productos, así como a la empresa. El estudio se fundamentó en los planteamientos teóricos formulados por Acevedo y Robledo (2024), Andrade y Guerrero (2023), Ortega (2023), Bustamante, Castillo, Pacheco y Mora (2022), entre otros expositores sobre esta área temática. La investigación fue de tipo documental, el método seleccionado fue el cualitativo, dado que este permite recopilar información sobre el objeto de estudio de la investigación, generando nuevos conocimientos como resultado de la recolección, organización o análisis sobre la información obtenida. En primer lugar, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática en Google academic, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, limitándose a los idiomas inglés y castellano, usando como descriptores los siguientes términos: internacionalización, facturación, valor, agregado, mercado, acompañándose por otros autores. Se observó que los procesos para la internacionalización en las empresas están estrechamente ligados a la facturación electrónica de sus productos, lo cual les genera valor agregado, incidiendo en el valor del mercado empresarial, pues ubica a las organizaciones en la cima con productos accesibles, haciéndose atractivo para los clientes. Palabras claves: internacionalización, facturación, valor, agregado, mercado. Abstract The main objective of this article is to analyze the entry strategies that intervene in the internationalization process in small and medium-sized companies, among which stand out: billing, added value, market value, since this allows saving considerable resources, giving a fair value to the products, as well as to the company. The study was based on the theoretical approaches formulated by Acevedo and Robledo (2024), Andrade and Guerrero (2023), Ortega (2023), Bustamante, Castillo, Pacheco and Mora (2022), among other speakers on this thematic area. The research was of a documentary type, the selected method was qualitative, since it allows collecting information about the object of study of the research, generating new knowledge as a result of the collection, organization or analysis of the information obtained. Firstly, a systematic bibliographic search was carried out in Google academic, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, limiting itself to the English and Spanish languages, using the following terms as descriptors: internationalization, billing, value, aggregate, market, accompanied by other authors. It was observed that the processes for internationalization in companies are closely linked to the electronic invoicing of their products, which generates added value, influencing the value of the business market, since it places organizations at the top with accessible products, making themselves attractive to customers. . Keywords: Internationalization, billing, value, aggregate, market.
Fear as an urban imaginary in the closed residential complexes in the City of Valledupar
(2022)
Abstract This scientific article aims to interpret fear as an urban social imaginary linked to relationship in closed residential complexes in the city of Valledupar. The metodology is oriented, from the parameters of the qualitative approach, the use of the etnographic method and the application of data collection techniques such as observation and semi - structured interviews, as well as the analysis of the arguments proposed by authors such as Wirth. ( 1938) and ( 2008), Tuan ( 1974), Lang and Danielsen ( 1997), Moscovici ( 1997), Certeau (1999) and (2000), Reguillo (2000), Baeza ( 2004), Londoño (2001), Silva (2001), Roitman (2003), Borsdorf(2003), Pinto ( 2005), Ludeña (2006), Lindón ( 2007), Hiernaux (2007), Hevia and Tijoux( 2008), Fuentes and Rosado (2008), Rosin ( 2009), Martínez (2012), Martínez ( 2013) ( 2014) and ( 2021) among other social science authors who reflect and study fear as an urban social construction. Keywords: fear, social imaginaries, closed residential complexes, Valledupar, neighborhood life
Fear as an urban social imaginary in the closed residential complexes in the city of Valledupar
(2022) Martínez Barrios, Hermes Emilio; Villazón Villero, Elsy Paola; Manjarres Jaimes, Angela P.
Abstract This scientific article aims to interpret fear as an urban social imaginary linked to relationship in closed residential complexes in the city of Valledupar. The metodology is oriented, from the parameters of the qualitative approach, the use of the etnographic method and the application of data collection techniques such as observation and semi - structured interviews, as well as the analysis of the arguments proposed by authors such as Wirth. ( 1938) and ( 2008), Tuan ( 1974), Lang and Danielsen ( 1997), Moscovici ( 1997), Certeau (1999) and (2000), Reguillo (2000), Baeza ( 2004), Londoño (2001), Silva (2001), Roitman (2003), Borsdorf(2003), Pinto ( 2005), Ludeña (2006), Lindón ( 2007), Hiernaux (2007), Hevia and Tijoux( 2008), Fuentes and Rosado (2008), Rosin ( 2009), Martínez (2012), Martínez ( 2013) ( 2014) and ( 2021) among other social science authors who reflect and study fear as an urban social construction. Keywords: fear, social imaginaries, closed residential complexes, Valledupar, neighborhood life
Geopolítica, democracia y su vinculación con los sucesos internacionales
(2024) Bermúdez Gómez, José; Chirinos Quintero, Nilson
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar la relación entre la geopolítica, la democracia y los sucesos internacionales. Se fundamentó el estudio en los planteamientos formulados por Carbajal (2023), Casanova & Miroux (2024), García (2023), Sabato (2023), Sandoval et al. (2023), entre otros. Metodológicamente la investigación fue de tipo documental. Se seleccionó el método cualitativo, realizando una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática en Google académico, Scielo, Redalyc y Dialnet, limitándose a los idiomas inglés -castellano, usando los descriptores: Geopolítica, Democracia, Gobierno, Pluralismo y Negociación. Se observó la estrecha relación e influencia de la Geopolítica sobre la Democracia. Se concluyó que la Geopolítica condiciona diversos procesos democráticos e, inevitablemente, no pueden separarse, ya que todos los países están interconectados de alguna manera. Palabras clave: geopolítica, democracia, gobierno, pluralismo, negociación. Abstract The main objective of this article is to analyze the relationship between geopolitics, democracy and international events. The study was based on the approaches formulated by Carbajal (2023), Casanova and Miroux (2024), García (2023), Sabato (2023), Sandoval et al. (2023), among others. Methodologically, the research was documentary type. The qualitative method was selected, carrying out a systematic bibliographic search in Google academic, Scielo, Redalyc and Dialnet, limiting itself to the English - Spanish languages, using the descriptors: Geopolitics, Democracy, Government, Pluralism and Negotiation. The close relationship and influence of Geopolitics on Democracy was observed. It was concluded that Geopolitics conditions various democratic processes and, inevitably, they cannot be separated, since all countries are interconnected in some way. Keywords: geopolitics, democracy, government, pluralism, negotiation.
Había una vez… En la literatura infantil colombiana
(2021) Cifuentes Alvarez, Johana; Méndez Sánchez, Andrea Marcela; Méndez Sánchez, Diana Verónica; Montenegro de la Hoz, Nellys Esther
Cuando se habla de la historia de la literatura infantil colombiana es común asociarla exclusivamente a la producción del poeta bogotano Rafael Pombo (1883 – 1912); sin embargo, estudios más actuales, como El Aura Juguetona. Antología infantil ilustrada de la prensa de los siglos XIX y XX, llevado a cabo por investigadores de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en 2018, han permitido reconocer otras obras y otros autores, como “El tigre y el conejo” de José Manuel Marroquín (51), “El mono y el gato” de Ricardo Carrasquilla (53), “Los funerales de un pajarito” de José Joaquín Ortiz (56), entre otras que enriquecen la perspectiva sobre la historia de este género en el país. Otros textos de esta índole que hemos podido rastrear son los escritos por Soledad Acosta de Samper (1883 - 1913), tales como “El mono” (1878), “El gato” (1879) ambos publicados en la revista La Mujer, y “Algo sobre astronomía” (1893) publicado en Álbum de los niños. Estas publicaciones revelan que la literatura dirigida a público infantil en el siglo XIX, en Colombia, no se limita a Rafael Pombo; en ese sentido, en el presente documento nos proponemos examinar un conjunto de textos de la autoría de Soledad Acosta de Samper, que permita reconocer, apreciar, y proponer un lugar para esta producción en el panorama de la literatura infantil colombiana. Palabras clave: Soledad Acosta de Samper, literatura infantil, Colombia, siglo XIX Abstract It is common to associate the history of Colombian children’s literature exclusively with texts written by the poet Rafael Pombo (1883 - 1912). However, current studies, such as “El Aura Juguetona. Antología infantil ilustrada de la prensa de los siglos XIX y XX”, carried out by researchers from Universidad Nacional de Colombia in 2018, have allowed the recognition of other works and other authors, such as “ El tigre y el conejo « by José Manuel Marroquín, “El mono y el gato” by Ricardo Carrasquilla, “Los funerales de un pajarito” by José Joaquín Ortiz, among others that enrich the perspective on the history of this genre in this country. Other texts of this nature that we have been able to trace are those written by Soledad Acosta de Samper (1883 - 1913), such as “El mono” (1878), “El gato” (1879) both published in the magazine “La Mujer”, and “Algo sobre astronomía”(1893) published in the newspaper “Álbum de los niños”. These publications reveal that the literature aimed at children in the 19th century, in Colombia, is not limited to Rafael Pombo. In this sense, in this document we propose to examine a set of texts authored by Soledad Acosta de Samper, which allows us to recognize, appreciate, and propose a place for this production in the panorama of Colombian children’s literature. Keywords: Soledad Acosta de Samper, children’s literature, Colombia, 19th century.
Lineamientos teórico prácticos para mejorar la formación en investigación en la Universidad Popular del Cesar (Colombia)
(2019) Méndez, Andrea M; Gordon Yimi; Vidal; Carlos R
Esta investigación tiene por objetivo proponer lineamientos teórico prácticos que puedan ser utilizados para mejorar la formación en investigación de los estudiantes en programa de formación profesional de la Universidad Popular del Cesar de Valledupar, teniendo en cuenta los contenidos microcurriculares; las estrategias utilizadas para fortalecer la formación investigativa; las competencias investigativas de los estudiantes y el capital humano responsable de la formación. Para tal efecto, se utilizó un diseño metodológico de tipo descriptivo con técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de información tales como cuestionario y matriz de revisión documental. Palabras clave: Formación en investigación, lineamientos, estrategias Abstract The purpose of this research is to propose theoretical and practical guidelines that can be used to improve the research training of students in the vocational training program of the Universidad Popular del Cesar in Valledupar, taking into account the microcurricular contents; the strategies used to strengthen research training; the investigative competences of the students and the human capital responsible for the training. For this purpose, were used a descriptive methodological design with techniques and information collection instruments such as questionnaire and documentary review matrix. Keywords: Training in research, guidelines, strategies

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